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Old 18th September 2010
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Default Italia


Memory-haunted arena of the ancients, Rome�s 1,900-year-old Colosseum saw bloody gladiatorial duels, battles with wild beasts, and mock naval engagements on its flooded floor. Christians banned the spectacles, and in later centuries presented church dramas here.

Time, earthquakes, and stone scavengers took their toll. Still, the treasured monument survived and at the time of this photograph was still serving Rome�as a traffic circle.

Cars at evening rush hour create streaks of light in this time exposure, which also captures horse-drawn carriages waiting at curbside for tourists.

�Text adapted from "When in Rome," National Geographic magazine, June 1970



Out of the grasp of looters, a Roman soldier shares a shed with other statues removed from display in Rome�s Villa Borghese gardens. Since 1970 thieves have pilfered some 523,000 treasures in Italy. Trained �art police� have recovered about a third.

The villa was originally a simple vineyard, which was purchased by the Borghese family in 1580. In the early 1600s Cardinal Scipione Caffarelli Borghese, Pope Paul V's nephew, purchased surrounding lands. He began an ambitious building process that converted the simple vineyard into a sprawling, 200-acre (80-hectare) estate with a dozen buildings surrounded by gardens replete with statues and fountains.

�Text adapted from "Italy's Endangered Art," National Geographic magazine, August 1999



Conceived in 312 B.C., the Via Appia was the first and the most famous of Rome�s long-distance military-commercial highways, by which the ancient city bound her conquests to her.

Hundreds of roads led to Rome by the beginning of the second century A.D. But no route achieved the lasting fame of Via Appia, whose stones have felt the tread of Hannibal and St. Paul, Charlemagne, Lord Byron, and Mark Twain. Today travelers can still ride or walk on patches of the huge green-gray volcanic stones that Romans paved with.

Ruins of Roman tombs line the Appia. For rich Romans, it was a burial site�multitudes of travelers reading the deceased's names was believed to confer a kind of immorality.

�Text adapted from "Down the Ancient Appian Way," National Geographic magazine, June 1981



Walled within the city, the Vatican, with its domed St. Peter�s Basilica, covers 109 acres (44 hectares).

All Rome was under papal rule from the sixth century A.D. until the city became Italy�s capital in 1870. But not until 1929 did the papacy renounce its claims to all other Italian territories and win recognition of its sovereignty over Vatican City. Residence of a thousand citizens, the enclave has its own railroad station, post office, radio station, newspaper, mosaic studio, palaces, gardens, library, and museums.

�Text adapted from "When in Rome," National Geographic magazine, June 1970



Jutting out toward the Aksu River, Turkey, this ancient aqueduct is a small portion of the hundreds of miles of aqueducts built by the Romans to convey water throughout the sprawling empire.

These monuments to archaeology and hydrology remain among the most widely recognized of the remaining Roman architecture. The Romans were not the first to use such technology�aqueducts were devised by inhabitants of the Middle East centuries earlier. But the Roman design allowed a particularly advanced form of transferring water across often vast distances.

With the fall of the Roman Empire, this sophisticated engineering knowledge was lost until the 19th century.



Julius Caesar, depicted here in his military attire, extended the Roman Republic to the Atlantic Ocean with his conquest of Gallia Comata�Gaul, in what is now France. Caesar became the sole ruler of Rome following the first Roman civil war, after which he had himself named ruler for life.

Caesar's assassination at the hands of his close friend Marcus Brutus spawned Rome's second civil war. Brutus and his co-conspirators were attempting to save the republic from dictatorship. Instead, they ushered in the Roman Empire under Caesar�s nephew and adopted son, Octavian, who would become known as Emperor Caesar Augustus.


sambil belajar sejarah Italia nieh....
gimana pendapat kalian tentang Italia.....

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